Axes#

Qualified name: manim.mobject.graphing.coordinate\_systems.Axes

class Axes(x_range=None, y_range=None, x_length=12, y_length=6, axis_config=None, x_axis_config=None, y_axis_config=None, tips=True, **kwargs)[source]#

Bases: VGroup, CoordinateSystem

Creates a set of axes.

Parameters:

  • x_range (Sequence[float] | None) – The (x_min, x_max, x_step) values of the x-axis.

  • y_range (Sequence[float] | None) – The (y_min, y_max, y_step) values of the y-axis.

  • x_length (float | None) – The length of the x-axis.

  • y_length (float | None) – The length of the y-axis.

  • axis_config (dict | None) – Arguments to be passed to NumberLine that influences both axes.

  • x_axis_config (dict | None) – Arguments to be passed to NumberLine that influence the x-axis.

  • y_axis_config (dict | None) – Arguments to be passed to NumberLine that influence the y-axis.

  • tips (bool) – Whether or not to include the tips on both axes.

  • kwargs (Any) – Additional arguments to be passed to CoordinateSystem and VGroup.

Examples

Example: LogScalingExample

../_images/LogScalingExample-1.png 
from manim import *

class LogScalingExample(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        ax = Axes(
            x_range=[0, 10, 1],
            y_range=[-2, 6, 1],
            tips=False,
            axis_config={"include_numbers": True},
            y_axis_config={"scaling": LogBase(custom_labels=True)},
        )

        # x_min must be > 0 because log is undefined at 0.
        graph = ax.plot(lambda x: x ** 2, x_range=[0.001, 10], use_smoothing=False)
        self.add(ax, graph)

class LogScalingExample(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        ax = Axes(
            x_range=[0, 10, 1],
            y_range=[-2, 6, 1],
            tips=False,
            axis_config={"include_numbers": True},
            y_axis_config={"scaling": LogBase(custom_labels=True)},
        )

        # x_min must be > 0 because log is undefined at 0.
        graph = ax.plot(lambda x: x ** 2, x_range=[0.001, 10], use_smoothing=False)
        self.add(ax, graph)

Styling arguments can be passed to the underlying NumberLine mobjects that represent the axes:

Example: AxesWithDifferentTips

../_images/AxesWithDifferentTips-1.png 
from manim import *

class AxesWithDifferentTips(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        ax = Axes(axis_config={'tip_shape': StealthTip})
        self.add(ax)

class AxesWithDifferentTips(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        ax = Axes(axis_config={'tip_shape': StealthTip})
        self.add(ax)

Methods

coords_to_point

Accepts coordinates from the axes and returns a point with respect to the scene.

get_axes

Gets the axes.

get_axis_labels

Defines labels for the x-axis and y-axis of the graph.

plot_line_graph

Draws a line graph.

point_to_coords

Accepts a point from the scene and returns its coordinates with respect to the axes.

Attributes

animate

Used to animate the application of any method of self.

animation_overrides

color

depth

The depth of the mobject.

fill_color

If there are multiple colors (for gradient) this returns the first one

height

The height of the mobject.

n_points_per_curve

sheen_factor

stroke_color

width

The width of the mobject.
_create_axis(range_terms, axis_config, length)[source]#

Creates an axis and dynamically adjusts its position depending on where 0 is located on the line.

Parameters:

  • range_terms (Sequence[float]) – The range of the the axis : (x_min, x_max, x_step).

  • axis_config (dict[str, Any]) – Additional parameters that are passed to NumberLine.

  • length (float) – The length of the axis.

Returns:

Returns a number line based on range_terms.

Return type:

NumberLine

static _origin_shift(axis_range)[source]#

Determines how to shift graph mobjects to compensate when 0 is not on the axis.

Parameters:

axis_range (Sequence[float]) – The range of the axis : (x_min, x_max, x_step).

Return type:

float

_original__init__(x_range=None, y_range=None, x_length=12, y_length=6, axis_config=None, x_axis_config=None, y_axis_config=None, tips=True, **kwargs)#

Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Parameters:

  • x_range (Optional[Sequence[float]]) –

  • y_range (Optional[Sequence[float]]) –

  • x_length (float | None) –

  • y_length (float | None) –

  • axis_config (dict | None) –

  • x_axis_config (dict | None) –

  • y_axis_config (dict | None) –

  • tips (bool) –

  • kwargs (Any) –

Return type:

None

static _update_default_configs(default_configs, passed_configs)[source]#

Takes in two tuples of dicts and return modifies the first such that values from passed_configs overwrite values in default_configs. If a key does not exist in default_configs, it is added to the dict.

This method is useful for having defaults in a class and being able to overwrite them with user-defined input.

Parameters:

  • default_configs (tuple[dict[Any, Any]]) – The dict that will be updated.

  • passed_configs (tuple[dict[Any, Any]]) – The dict that will be used to update.

Return type:

None

Examples

To create a tuple with one dictionary, add a comma after the element:

self._update_default_configs(
    (dict_1,)(
        dict_2,
    )
)
coords_to_point(*coords)[source]#

Accepts coordinates from the axes and returns a point with respect to the scene.

Parameters:

coords (Union[float, Sequence[float], Sequence[Sequence[float]], ndarray]) –

The coordinates. Each coord is passed as a separate argument: ax.coords_to_point(1, 2, 3).

Also accepts a list of coordinates

ax.coords_to_point( [x_0, x_1, ...], [y_0, y_1, ...], ... )

ax.coords_to_point( [[x_0, y_0, z_0], [x_1, y_1, z_1]] )

Returns:

A point with respect to the scene’s coordinate system. The shape of the array will be similar to the shape of the input.

Return type:

np.ndarray

Examples

>>> from manim import Axes
>>> import numpy as np
>>> ax = Axes()
>>> np.around(ax.coords_to_point(1, 0, 0), 2)
array([0.86, 0.  , 0.  ])
>>> np.around(ax.coords_to_point([[0, 1], [1, 1], [1, 0]]), 2)
array([[0.  , 0.75, 0.  ],
       [0.86, 0.75, 0.  ],
       [0.86, 0.  , 0.  ]])
>>> np.around(
...     ax.coords_to_point([0, 1, 1], [1, 1, 0]), 2
... )  # Transposed version of the above
array([[0.  , 0.86, 0.86],
       [0.75, 0.75, 0.  ],
       [0.  , 0.  , 0.  ]])

Example: CoordsToPointExample

../_images/CoordsToPointExample-1.png 
from manim import *

class CoordsToPointExample(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        ax = Axes().add_coordinates()

        # a dot with respect to the axes
        dot_axes = Dot(ax.coords_to_point(2, 2), color=GREEN)
        lines = ax.get_lines_to_point(ax.c2p(2,2))

        # a dot with respect to the scene
        # the default plane corresponds to the coordinates of the scene.
        plane = NumberPlane()
        dot_scene = Dot((2,2,0), color=RED)

        self.add(plane, dot_scene, ax, dot_axes, lines)

class CoordsToPointExample(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        ax = Axes().add_coordinates()

        # a dot with respect to the axes
        dot_axes = Dot(ax.coords_to_point(2, 2), color=GREEN)
        lines = ax.get_lines_to_point(ax.c2p(2,2))

        # a dot with respect to the scene
        # the default plane corresponds to the coordinates of the scene.
        plane = NumberPlane()
        dot_scene = Dot((2,2,0), color=RED)

        self.add(plane, dot_scene, ax, dot_axes, lines)
get_axes()[source]#

Gets the axes.

Returns:

A pair of axes.

Return type:

VGroup

get_axis_labels(x_label='x', y_label='y')[source]#

Defines labels for the x-axis and y-axis of the graph.

For increased control over the position of the labels, use get_x_axis_label() and get_y_axis_label().

Parameters:

  • x_label (float | str | Mobject) – The label for the x_axis. Defaults to MathTex for str and float inputs.

  • y_label (float | str | Mobject) – The label for the y_axis. Defaults to MathTex for str and float inputs.

Returns:

A VGroup of the labels for the x_axis and y_axis.

Return type:

VGroup

See also

get_x_axis_label() get_y_axis_label()

Examples

Example: GetAxisLabelsExample

../_images/GetAxisLabelsExample-1.png 
from manim import *

class GetAxisLabelsExample(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        ax = Axes()
        labels = ax.get_axis_labels(
            Tex("x-axis").scale(0.7), Text("y-axis").scale(0.45)
        )
        self.add(ax, labels)

class GetAxisLabelsExample(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        ax = Axes()
        labels = ax.get_axis_labels(
            Tex("x-axis").scale(0.7), Text("y-axis").scale(0.45)
        )
        self.add(ax, labels)
plot_line_graph(x_values, y_values, z_values=None, line_color=ManimColor('#FFFF00'), add_vertex_dots=True, vertex_dot_radius=0.08, vertex_dot_style=None, **kwargs)[source]#

Draws a line graph.

The graph connects the vertices formed from zipping x_values, y_values and z_values. Also adds Dots at the vertices if add_vertex_dots is set to True.

Parameters:

  • x_values (Iterable[float]) – Iterable of values along the x-axis.

  • y_values (Iterable[float]) – Iterable of values along the y-axis.

  • z_values (Optional[Iterable[float]]) – Iterable of values (zeros if z_values is None) along the z-axis.

  • line_color (Union[ManimColor, int, str, Tuple[int, int, int], Tuple[float, float, float], Tuple[int, int, int, int], Tuple[float, float, float, float], ndarray[Any, dtype[int64]], ndarray[Any, dtype[float64]]]) – Color for the line graph.

  • add_vertex_dots (bool) – Whether or not to add Dot at each vertex.

  • vertex_dot_radius (float) – Radius for the Dot at each vertex.

  • vertex_dot_style (dict[str, Any] | None) – Style arguments to be passed into Dot at each vertex.

  • kwargs (Any) – Additional arguments to be passed into VMobject.

Returns:

A VDict containing both the line and dots (if specified). The line can be accessed with: line_graph["line_graph"]. The dots can be accessed with: line_graph["vertex_dots"].

Return type:

VDict

Examples

Example: LineGraphExample

../_images/LineGraphExample-1.png 
from manim import *

class LineGraphExample(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        plane = NumberPlane(
            x_range = (0, 7),
            y_range = (0, 5),
            x_length = 7,
            axis_config={"include_numbers": True},
        )
        plane.center()
        line_graph = plane.plot_line_graph(
            x_values = [0, 1.5, 2, 2.8, 4, 6.25],
            y_values = [1, 3, 2.25, 4, 2.5, 1.75],
            line_color=GOLD_E,
            vertex_dot_style=dict(stroke_width=3,  fill_color=PURPLE),
            stroke_width = 4,
        )
        self.add(plane, line_graph)

class LineGraphExample(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        plane = NumberPlane(
            x_range = (0, 7),
            y_range = (0, 5),
            x_length = 7,
            axis_config={"include_numbers": True},
        )
        plane.center()
        line_graph = plane.plot_line_graph(
            x_values = [0, 1.5, 2, 2.8, 4, 6.25],
            y_values = [1, 3, 2.25, 4, 2.5, 1.75],
            line_color=GOLD_E,
            vertex_dot_style=dict(stroke_width=3,  fill_color=PURPLE),
            stroke_width = 4,
        )
        self.add(plane, line_graph)
point_to_coords(point)[source]#

Accepts a point from the scene and returns its coordinates with respect to the axes.

Parameters:

point (Sequence[float]) – The point, i.e. RIGHT or [0, 1, 0]. Also accepts a list of points as [RIGHT, [0, 1, 0]].

Returns:

The coordinates on the axes, i.e. [4.0, 7.0]. Or a list of coordinates if point is a list of points.

Return type:

np.ndarray[float]

Examples

>>> from manim import Axes, RIGHT
>>> import numpy as np
>>> ax = Axes(x_range=[0, 10, 2])
>>> np.around(ax.point_to_coords(RIGHT), 2)
array([5.83, 0.  ])
>>> np.around(ax.point_to_coords([[0, 0, 1], [1, 0, 0]]), 2)
array([[5.  , 0.  ],
       [5.83, 0.  ]])

Example: PointToCoordsExample

../_images/PointToCoordsExample-1.png 
from manim import *

class PointToCoordsExample(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        ax = Axes(x_range=[0, 10, 2]).add_coordinates()
        circ = Circle(radius=0.5).shift(UR * 2)

        # get the coordinates of the circle with respect to the axes
        coords = np.around(ax.point_to_coords(circ.get_right()), decimals=2)

        label = (
            Matrix([[coords[0]], [coords[1]]]).scale(0.75).next_to(circ, RIGHT)
        )

        self.add(ax, circ, label, Dot(circ.get_right()))

class PointToCoordsExample(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        ax = Axes(x_range=[0, 10, 2]).add_coordinates()
        circ = Circle(radius=0.5).shift(UR * 2)

        # get the coordinates of the circle with respect to the axes
        coords = np.around(ax.point_to_coords(circ.get_right()), decimals=2)

        label = (
            Matrix([[coords[0]], [coords[1]]]).scale(0.75).next_to(circ, RIGHT)
        )

        self.add(ax, circ, label, Dot(circ.get_right()))